بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

[center]Linux Administration and Management


Today’s Agenda
 Linux File System.
 Linux Shell.
 Users, and groups management.
 Linux Commands.
 Files, and folders permissions.
 Training on lab.

Linux File System (cont.)‏
 /bin - important binary applications
 /boot - boot configuration files
 /dev - the device files
 /etc - configuration files, startup scripts, etc...
 /home - local users' home directories
 /lib - system libraries
 /lost+found - provides a lost+found system for files that exist under the root (/) directory
 /media - mounted (loaded) removable media such as CDs, digital cameras, etc...

Linux File System (cont.)‏
 /mnt - mounted filesystems
 /opt - provides a location for optional applications to be installed
 /proc - special dynamic directory that maintains information about the state of the system, including currently running processes
 /root - root user home directory, pronounced 'slash-root'
 /sbin - important system binaries
 /sys - system files
 /tmp - temporary files
 /usr - applications and files that are mostly available for all users to access
 /var - variable files such as logs and databases
Shell
 Importance of the shell (Command Line).
 Alt + Ctrl + F1/.../F6 to open the shell.
 Alt + Ctrl + F7 to back to GUI.
 How to use Shell, keys (enter, tab).
Users, and groups Management
 useradd
• Options: -g, –G, -d, -D, -m and others.
 userdel
• Options: -r.
 usermod
 Options: -L, -U, and others.
Users, and groups Management (cont.)‏
 groupadd
 Options: -g, -r.
 groupdel.
 groupmod.
 Options: -n, -g.
Linux Commands
 su, hostname.
 Files Management:
• touch.
• rm.
• cat , > , >>.
 Folders Management:
• mkdir.
• rmdir.
• rm.
Linux Commands (cont.)‏
 ls.
 cp.
 mv.
 man, info.
 pwd.
 whoami.
 passwd.
 sort, history, clear, date, cal.
Permissions
 What does permission mean?
 Read (r), Write (w), Execute (x).
 Owner (u), Group (g), Others(o).
 ls –l <file or folder>.
 <d><rwxrw_r__> <2> <username> <group> <creation date>
Permission (Cont.)‏
 chmod.
 chmod [u,g,o,a][+,-,=][r,w,x,X] <file | dir>.
 cp -p file1 file2 , to copy with permissions.
 chmod -R..., for subdirs and files.
Permission (Cont.)‏
 Read=4, write=2, execute=1
 chmod 764 <file>
 umask, umask 234
 chown <new owner> <file name>.
 chgrp <new group> <file name>

Training
 Create a new group called “GIS” with GID “560” and then create a new user called “user” under this group with password “123456”, and switch the active user to be “student” and then under his home dir create new folder called “training” with ability to read, write, and execute by his owner and just read by others.
Training (Cont.)‏
 Under folder “training” (created in previous problem) create files f1, and f2.
 Set the permission as rwxrw_r__ .
 Concatenate the content of f1 and f2 in new file f3, and then rename f3 to be f4.
 Make the default permission for new Files as rw_rw_r__.